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| 1740 |
| | | The Habsburg emperor Charles VI dies and is succeeded by his elder daughter, the 23-year-old Maria Theresa | |
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| 1764 |
| | | English historian Edward Gibbon, sitting among ruins in Rome, conceives the idea of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire | |
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| 1776 |
| | | English historian Edward Gibbon publishes the first volume of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire | |
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| 1781 |
| | | Joseph II passes an Edict of Toleration, for the first time allowing Protestant worship in Habsburg territories | |
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| 1781 |
| | | The reforming emperor Joseph II emancipates the serfs in the Habsburg territories | |
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| 1786 |
| | | The emperor Joseph II is reported to have told Mozart that his opera The Marriage of Figaro has 'too many notes' | |
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| 1790 |
| | | Mozart's opera Così fan Tutte has its premiere in Vienna, in the court theatre of Joseph II | |
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| 1806 |
| | | Francis II formally brings to an end the 1000-year-old Holy Roman Empire, to keep it from the clutches of Napoleon | |
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| 1871 |
| | | Rome becomes the capital city of the entire Italian peninsula, for the first time since the Roman empire | |
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| 1892 |
| | | Frederick Lugard's Maxim machine gun settles a Protestant-Catholic clash in Kampala, the capital of Buganda | |
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